Geography of Iraq

Geography of Iraq Capital: Baghdad Iraq is a country that is located in western Asia and shares borders with Iran, Jordan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Syria (map). It has a very small coastline of just 36 miles (58 km) along the Persian Gulf. Iraqs capital and largest city is Baghdad and it has a population of 30,399,572 (July 2011 estimate). Other large cities in Iraq include Mosul, Basra, Irbil and Kirkuk and the countrys population density is 179.6 people per square mile or 69.3 people per square kilometer. History of Iraq From 1980 to 1988 Iraq was involved in the Iran-Iraq war which devastated its economy. The war also left Iraq as one of the largest military establishments in the Persian Gulf region (U.S. Department of State). In 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait but it was forced out in early 1991 by a United States-led U.N. coalition. Following these events social instability continued as the countrys northern Kurdish people and its southern Shia Muslims rebelled against Saddam Husseins government. As a result, the Iraqs government used force to suppress the rebellion, killed thousands of citizens and severely damaged the environment of the regions involved. Because of the instability in Iraq at the time, the U.S. and several other countries established no-fly zones over the country and the U.N. Security Council enacted several sanctions against Iraq after its government refused to surrender weapons and submit to U.N. inspections (U.S. Department of State). Instability remained in the country throughout the rest of the 1990s and into the 2000s. In March-April 2003 a U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq after it was claimed the country failed to comply with further U.N. inspections. This act began the Iraq War between Iraq and the U.S. Shortly the U.S.s invasion, Iraqs dictator Saddam Hussein was overthrown and the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was established to handle Iraqs governmental functions as the country worked to establish a new government. In June 2004 the CPA disbanded and the Iraqi Interim Government took over. In January 2005 the country held elections and the Iraqi Transitional Government (ITG) took power. In May 2005 the ITG appointed a committee to draft a constitution and in September 2005 that constitution was completed. In December 2005 another election was held which established a new 4 year constitutional government that took power in March 2006. Despite its new government however, Iraq was still highly unstable during this time and violence was widespread throughout the country. As a result, the U.S. increased its presence in Iraq which caused a decrease in violence. In January 2009 Iraq and the U.S. came up with plans to remove U.S. troops from the country and in June 2009 they began leaving Iraqs urban areas. Further removal of U.S. troops continued into 2010 and 2011. On December 15, 2011 the Iraq War officially ended. Government of Iraq Economics and Land Use in Iraq Geography and Climate of Iraq The climate of Iraq is mostly desert and as such it has mild winters and hot summers. The countrys mountainous regions however have very cold winters and mild summers. Baghdad, the capital and largest city in Iraq has a January average low temperature of 39Â ºF (4Â ºC) and a July average high temperature of 111Â ºF (44Â ºC).

Free Essays on Drowning Girl, Roy Lichtenstein

DROWNING GIRL DATE PAINTED: 1963 MEDIUM: Oil on Canvas PRESENTLOCATION: The Museum of Modern Art, New York SIZE: 171.8 x 169.5 Drowning Girl (1963) is an example of Lichtensteins comic style which began in the early 1960’s. Drowning Girl is a large picture of a girls head surrounded by a tumultuous wave with the caption reading â€Å"I don’t care! I’d rather sink than call Brad for help!â€Å" The first thing to notice about this work is its incredible size. The girls head is monumentally large - the entire painting is about as high as a tall woman. The piece is oversized and striking. Roy Lichtenstein’s comics are what made him famous and all his well known paintings are in this style. The source of his images are obviously from comic books but some of the elements of his compositions come from advertising. Both the form and content of the commercial comic trivialises and generalises emotions, actions, people and objects so as to make them conform to popular opinion. Lichtensteins comics simplified life and reduced its complexities into an assemblage of emotional cues. The viewer accepts this abbreviated language system because it is part of the every day world of media culture.# Lichtensteins comic style works are transparent, simple and easy to interpret. Lichtenstein used this visual language in his adaptation of comic images. The viewer can interpret Lichtensteins comics for themselves and the opinion of the author is concealed. Lichtensteins pictorial vocabulary, typography and the arrangement of his texts are from advertising. Lichtenstein used source material which everyone knew. Because his style is taken from culture - advertising and comics - things everyday people knew - it was widely understood and transparent in what it is trying to say. So in turn his style wasn’t created but rather taken from processes already familiar to people living in the modern communications system and put into new... Free Essays on Drowning Girl, Roy Lichtenstein Free Essays on Drowning Girl, Roy Lichtenstein DROWNING GIRL DATE PAINTED: 1963 MEDIUM: Oil on Canvas PRESENTLOCATION: The Museum of Modern Art, New York SIZE: 171.8 x 169.5 Drowning Girl (1963) is an example of Lichtensteins comic style which began in the early 1960’s. Drowning Girl is a large picture of a girls head surrounded by a tumultuous wave with the caption reading â€Å"I don’t care! I’d rather sink than call Brad for help!â€Å" The first thing to notice about this work is its incredible size. The girls head is monumentally large - the entire painting is about as high as a tall woman. The piece is oversized and striking. Roy Lichtenstein’s comics are what made him famous and all his well known paintings are in this style. The source of his images are obviously from comic books but some of the elements of his compositions come from advertising. Both the form and content of the commercial comic trivialises and generalises emotions, actions, people and objects so as to make them conform to popular opinion. Lichtensteins comics simplified life and reduced its complexities into an assemblage of emotional cues. The viewer accepts this abbreviated language system because it is part of the every day world of media culture.# Lichtensteins comic style works are transparent, simple and easy to interpret. Lichtenstein used this visual language in his adaptation of comic images. The viewer can interpret Lichtensteins comics for themselves and the opinion of the author is concealed. Lichtensteins pictorial vocabulary, typography and the arrangement of his texts are from advertising. Lichtenstein used source material which everyone knew. Because his style is taken from culture - advertising and comics - things everyday people knew - it was widely understood and transparent in what it is trying to say. So in turn his style wasn’t created but rather taken from processes already familiar to people living in the modern communications system and put into new...

Exercise 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Exercise 2 - Assignment Example What would be the incremental effect on the companys overall profit of reworking and selling the material rather than selling it as is as scrap? Question 11: A study has been conducted to determine if Product A should be dropped. Sales of the product total $200,000 per year; variable expenses total $140,000 per year. Fixed expenses charged to the product total $90,000 per year. The company estimates that $40,000 of these fixed expenses will continue even if the product is dropped. These data indicate that if Product A is dropped, the companys overall net operating income would: Question 12: The Kelsh Company has two divisions--North and South. The divisions had the above revenues and expenses. Management at Kelsh is pondering the elimination of North Division. If North Division were eliminated, its traceable fixed expenses could be avoided. The total common corporate expenses would be unaffected. Given these data, the elimination of North Division would result in an overall company net operating income of: Question 14: The management of Heider Corporation is considering dropping product J14V. Data from the companys accounting system appears above. In the companys accounting system all fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products. Further investigation has revealed that $211,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $172,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable if product J14V is discontinued. What would be the effect on the companys overall net operating income if product J14V were dropped? Peluso Company, a manufacturer of snowmobiles, is operating at 70% of plant capacity. Pelusos plant manager is considering making the headlights now being purchased from an outside supplier for $11 each. The Peluso plant has idle equipment that could be used to manufacture the headlights. The design engineer estimates that each headlight requires $4 of direct materials, $3

Catatech case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Catatech - Case Study Example In order for Catatech to keep up with the competition, it will need to adapt to this new introduction while doing business or its insistence with sticking with the traditional methods may just prove to be its downfall. For the firm to do this, it has to first establish the objectives that the firm has set for themselves so as to identify how the introduction of E commerce would assist it in achieving these objectives (Kotler, 2009). The main objective of the firm is to maintain and enhance its position in the industry as one of the leading providers in Professional measurement tools for electricians across the globe. The other objectives include, the strengthening of their financial standing to avoid any economic burdens which can be done by the reduction of various costs without affecting the quality of the product, to increase its market size in the various regions where they are located including Madrid and to ensure the firm is in a position to maintain a successful path as a lea ding business in the future. The measures of outcome that can be used to indicate whether these objectives have been attained are not difficult to calculate. With regard to becoming the leading firm in the industry they are based in, one only has to look at the market share value taken by the firm in compared to others in the same business (Kotler, 2009). When Catatech has the largest market share value, it can be said that its main objective has been achieved. With regard to strengthening the company’s finances as well as increasing its market size, these objectives can use the company’s various records relating to these topics which in this case would be financial records and progress reports over the years on the growth of their market base. Accountability has to be considered as well to ensure that those responsible for achieving these objectives are putting an effort into it. Ensuring the company’s success as a leader in its industry will be up to everyone in the firm but the executive board that is in charge of the major decisions that will be made can be said to be held accountable for this task. The finance department and the marketing department will be held responsible for the objectives of cutting costs effectively and ensuring market growth (Tkacz & Kapczynski, 2009). There are also several external and internal factors that may affect the achievement of these objectives as well such as the developments that are being made in technology, the arrival of new firms in the industry and the attitude of the executive staff at the organization as well, which may prove to be a hurdle to the process of keeping the organization in stride with various new developments in the business world. There are a number of constraints as well that may limit the achievement of these objectives such as the availability of manpower with the technical know how to introduce these new technologies to the firm, the issue of underplaying the independence th at the various local acquisitions enjoy at the moment which also brings about the question of finances and who will handle those received via the E commerce project. There are various resources that can be said to be available to the organization at the moment, and that includes the organization has the financial resources to set up the new structure (E commerce) if they are willing to do so. The employees available in the United States can also lend a hand to solve the problem of technical know how

Fatigue Essay Example for Free

Fatigue Essay This is a summary of Jane Brodys article, Fatigue. Fatigue is one of peoples most common complaints. Even though there is new technology that saves people from doing everything by hand people still complain about being tired. Brody stated that physicians reported people who tend to keep themselves busy with work tend to not be as fatigued. Tiredness mainly comes from not doing much rather than wearing yourself down. Overall, there are diverse reasons for people being tired. Being physically active seems to be the cure for fatigue. There are three kinds of fatigue. One is physical fatigue the second type is pathological fatigue and the third is psychological fatigue. These all have causes and cures for fatigue. Physical fatigue is caused by over working ones body. Another cause can be carbon dioxide and lactic acid that collects in the body which weakens the muscles. This prevents them from functioning effectively. Physicians recommend that rest is way to cure physical fatigue. Another type of fatigue is pathological fatigue. Pathological fatigue is a warning sign of a cold or disease such as cancer. After being ill or over worked one must give their body time to fully recover. A physical check-up is highly recommended to check if something is wrong with one self. Many times the cause for fatigue can be undetected or over looked. The third type of fatigue is psychological fatigue. Emotional problems like depression and anxiety are the cause of prolonged fatigue. Prolonged fatigue can cause ones denial of depression and the cause of it. Mainly when feelings arent expressed openly, the outcome is normally fatigue. One common fatigue syndrome is the Tired Housewife Syndrome in which young mothers stay home all day and have nothing to look forward to. The mothers soon develop resentment and envy towards their husband. The cure for this fatigue is professional counseling.

Operant Conditioning Essay -- B.F. Skinner Behavior Papers

Operant Conditioning Overview: The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individual's response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence such as defining a word, hitting a ball, or solving a math problem. When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond. The distinctive characteristic of operant conditioning relative to previous forms of behaviorism (e.g., Thorndike, Hull) is that the organism can emit responses instead of only eliciting response due to an external stimulus. Reinforcement is the key element in Skinner's S-R theory. A reinforcer is anything that strengthens the desired response. It could be verbal praise, a good grade or a feeling of increased accomplishment or satisfaction. The theory also covers negative reinforcers -- any stimulus that results in the increased frequency of a response when it is withdrawn (different from adversive stimuli -- punishment -- which result in reduced responses). A great deal of attention was given to schedules of reinforcement (e.g. interval versus ratio) and their effects on establishing and maintaining behavior. One of the distinctive aspects of Skinner's theory is that it attempted to provide behavioral explanations for a broad range of cognitive phenomena. For example, Skinner explained drive (motivation) in terms of deprivation and reinforcement schedules. Skinner (1957) tried to account for verbal learning and language within the operant conditioning paradigm, although this effort was strongly rejected by linguists and psycholinguists. Skinner (1971) de... ... as well as teaching and instructional progress. Consider the suggestions of this theory for the development of programmed instruction: 1. Practice should take the form of question-answer frames that expose the student to the subject in steady steps. 2. Guarantee the learner makes a response for every frame and also receives immediate advice. 3. Arrange the difficulty of the questions so the response is always correct and that's why there is a positive back up. 4. Ensure that a good presentation in the lesson is paired with secondary support such a verbal praise, rewards, and good grades. Behavior that is positively supported will reoccur; constant support particularly effective. Information should be presented in small amounts so that responses can be reinforced. Reinforcements will simplify across the same ‘stimulus generalization’ giving secondary conditioning.

Historical Lens Criticism

Historical Criticism Goal: Explain the content of literature based on in which it was written. Historical critics look at politics, ideas, culture, how people lived, etc. When an lazing literature. Pros and Cons of Historical Criticism pros ; The historical lens is an accurate way to view history because people their thoughts and ideas through lit. ; These views can be Cons Some people say that the great pieces of literature do not need to be understood wrought a historical lens because their greatness is derived from a timeless, universal theme.The Historical Lens works in. Not only can we interpret literature from a historical background, but literature can help us understand history based on the time it was written. Killjoy example: List two ways the excerpt from â€Å"Killjoy† shows the author/united State's opinion on the Vietnam war. 2. Historical Lens from the Loran The Loran was published in 1971.In 1970 there was a big push for the government to implement laws that wi ll protect the environment . Dry. Issues took issues from one great lake. What lake was it, and what is the quote used to pr eve this? Historical Lens from â€Å"Sonnet X: Death Be Not Proud† In what way did religion and English culture shape the life and poetry of John Done? How does this illuminate the meaning of the poem? (Hint: Find evidence that inks Done with 17th century England)

The Theme of “A Worn Path”

The Theme of â€Å"A Worn Path† Charlotte Schroeder Ashford University 03/04/2013 ENG 125 Instructor Abby Forster In the short story â€Å"A Worn Path†, the author Eudora Welty, created a strong theme of undying love with an old woman and her grandson. The main character in this story is called Phoenix; she is an old woman that is narrated from the author trying to make a long journey down a worn path to bring her sick grandson medicine. She will not let anything get in her way from completing her mission and will not give up even though she is not a young puppy anymore.She is the last living relative to her young grandson and she keeps strong to fulfill his needs and keep him happy. The author uses great symbolism in the short story throughout the entire story. Religion, racism, and true love all play a key role in the theme of â€Å"A Worn Path†; it has strong literary elements that take this story to higher limits. The story does not tell us where the mother i s, however shows us how strong Phoenix is in her journey with characters making us know how bad racism is and how God is strong with her in her mission.Anyone that has children would not stop at anything to save them; Phoenix’s journey down a worn path proves it. This story is about a grandmother, Phoenix, walking through treacherous woods to get some medicine for her grandson that is sick that may or may not help him. The story is told in the third-person, â€Å"Third-person point of view which occurs when the speaker is not a participant in the story. It has two forms: omniscient point of view and objective point of view. † (Cited in Clugston, 2010) The author uses a narrative approach with the main character; it shows her thoughts and feelings throughout the entire story.She speaks to herself with a single purpose, devotion to her grandson in the doctor’s clinic. She must get to him at no cost since she is poor. The story’s theme is about undying love for a grandmother and grandson; it explains her struggles against aging since she has walked this path since the civil war. The narrative story expresses a lot of symbolic characters, first it starts with the name Phoenix which stands for the mythical creature that rises from its own ashes. â€Å"The use of symbolic characters throughout the story is explained.The author provides a critical interpretation and offers different meaning behind several elements. † (Cited in Clugston, 2010) Phoenix is faced with getting old and losing her mind, she is very afraid of it, but still carries on with the strength of God with her. Religion plays a key role to keeping her mind and strength strong and even beat racism with the characters she met along the way and interacts with. It starts with a cold month in December for the setting that makes you feel compassion for the main character and brings a thought of stagnation and sleeep.The story’s author sets a picture in your head fir st, â€Å"The setting is rural, a cold, early morning in December in the South. † (Cited in Clugston, 2010) The main character is a Negro woman that is an old lady and has been through many life situations. The story uses settings to establish many points for the theme and details of wagon tracks used to tell us she is following a familiar path. â€Å"On she went. The woods were deep and still. The sun made the pine needles almost too bright to look at, up where the wind rocked. The cones dropped as light as feathers.Down in the hollow was morning dove- it was not too late for him. † )Cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path†, para. 3) This is the â€Å"easy part† of her new journey since she will face a hunter and a nurse along the way. She meets a white hunter with a dog; they represent external conflicts that she must deal with. The hunter helps her out of a ditch that she has fallen in, however irony is used since he puts a gun in her face that also resembles racism. She compares her bones to weeds springy enough not to have been broken by the fall into the ditch.The hunter speaks down to her since he thinks she is a crazy old black woman trying to go see Santa Clause for presents. She finds a nickel in her pocket, â€Å"God watching me the whole time. I come to stealing,† she knows that she must keep going with god’s help. However, she does not let this get her down since religion played a big role in her life and she has encountered much worse. Next, the author tells how Phoenix is feeling, â€Å"Seem like there is chains about my feet, time I get this far†, this symbolizes chains are like a struggle for her. Cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path† para. 10) She is faced with buzzards that symbolize death for her and oak trees that symbolize strength and wisdom since she was strong with life still. â€Å"She passed through the old cotton and went into a field of dead corn†, this showed how devoted her love was to pass through death defying places. (Cited in Clugston, 2010) Also, when she drank water, â€Å"In a ravine she went where a spring was silently flowing through a hollow log. Old Phoenix bent back and drank†, it symbolized a source of life and regeneration. Cited in Clugston, 2010, â€Å"A Worn Path† para. 14) All of these literary elements contributed to the short story and theme. When Phoenix arrives in the city she sees Christmas lights that are red, green, and silver that look like presents, which made religion come to play again. She encounters a nurse when she arrives finally to the doctor’s clinic. The nurse thinks that she is very poor and gives her another nickel to help her. All Phoenix wants is to see her grandson happy so she takes the two nickels and buys him a pinwheel to make him smile.Besides the medicine she has for him, she wanted to make him know he was loved and wanted to give a present. In the end the author made m e feel the undying love that a grandmother can have for her grandson. She took a hard path in spite of her old age to make her grandson get what he needed, medicine, and a smile. Her journey faced racism, religion, and death that she overcame with the love she had in her soul, it would not die even if she got hurt. The medicine did not work in the past for her sick grandson, however she thought it might help to cure him with love.Everyone that has experienced a mother’s love or grandmother’s would know that they will not stop for anything to give their undying love. References A Worn Path, Edora Welty-Introduction. Critism. ED. Anna J. Sheets. Vol. 27 April, 2012 Retrieved from: http://www. enotes. com/worn-path-critcism/worn-path Clugston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. Retrieved from: https://content. ashford. edu Lappin, A. Studia Neophilologic June, 2012, Vol. 84 Issue 1, p33Retrieved from: http://www. ashford. edu/ehost/books

Art and architecture around the world essays

Art and architecture around the world essays On Friday night, November 12th, I attended the lecture about Art and Architecture around the world, given by Dr. Irini Vallera-Rickerson. Being that I am very interested in both art and architecture, I was very excited to see different cultures forms of these subjects. Dr. Irini Vallera-Rickerson had the goal of filling the Robert B. Moore Theater in order to raise $10,000 for many helpful causes, including AIDS awareness...and her goal was definitely achieved. The theater was full of many different people and their families, including students, teachers, and community members. The lecture began with an informative discussion about AIDS and how it affects the people around the world, and our community. There were many new and interesting facts and statistics concerning this matter, some being a bit saddening, while others were more hopeful and optimistic for the future of those infected with the disease. Soon, Dr. Vallera-Rickerson took the stage as our tour guide around the wor ld of art and architecture within different eras and cultures. Some main focuses of the lecture were sites in Greece, Italy, Spain, and a few in America. The most interesting to me were the creations of the Spanish artist and architect, Antonio Gaudi, whose masterpieces were breathtaking. His works were so creative and odd, and he added great detail that presented such a unique style. Every piece of art I saw that night was amazing, and I would recommend everyone to attend one of these special events; it is definitely worth it. Anyone who enjoys any type of art, travel, entertainment, or just helping out the community shouldnt miss out on this insightful presentation. ...

The Santa Clause Quotes

The Santa Clause Quotes The Santa Clause is a 1994 movie starring Tim Allen, about Scott Calvin, a man who injures Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. He and his son Charlie find Santas sleigh and reindeer (the jolly old elf is nowhere to be found), and they finish his Christmas Eve toy deliveries. But when Scott and Charlie go to the North Pole to return the sleigh, they discover the catch: Scott is now the new Santa, and has to take on his responsibilities. Scott at first has trouble believing what happened was real, but Charlie remembers everything and starts telling people his dad is Santa Claus. This causes friction with Charlies mother, Scotts ex-wife Laura. Eventually, with the help of a magical snow globe, Scott accepts his new role, and he smoothes things over with Laura so that he can be a part of Charlies life.   The movie was a critical and box office success  and resulted in two sequels (that were not as well-received as the original).   Here are some memorable quotes from the movie The Santa Clause.   Quotes from Scott Calvin Merry Christmas to all, and to all a good night! When I get home, Im getting a CAT scan! Can we take a direct flight back to reality, or do we have to change planes in Denver? Who gave you permission to tell Charlie there was no Santa Claus? I think if were going to destroy our sons delusions, I should be a part of it. Well kids, I certainly hope you have been good this year because it looks like Santa just took out the Pearson home. Charlie, stay away from those things. Theyre reindeer, you dont know where theyve been. They all look like theyve got key lime disease. Quotes from Charlie Calvin You said you believe in Santa Claus, right Dad? Charlie:  Whoa, Dad! Youre flying! Charlie: Get the bag of toys. Scott: And do what? Charlie: Go down the chimney. Scott: Down the chimney? You want me to take the toys down the chimney into a strange house in my underwear? Bernard: Hey, how are you doing? Scott: Im just saying good-bye to Charlie. Bernard: What good-bye? Charlie, youve still got the glass ball I gave you, right Charlie: Yeah. Bernard: Well, all youve got to do is shake it, whenever you want to see your dad. He can come back to visit you any time day or night. Charlie: Really? Bernard: Have I ever steered you wrong? Quotes From Other Characters in The Santa Clause Laura: All Neil told him was that Santa was more of a feeling. More of a state of mind than an actual person. Little Elf Judy:  Seeing isnt believing. Believing is seeing. Mr. Whittle:  You should see a doctor, a shrink, a dietician, anything.  I dont know whats happening to you. Youre starting to look like the Pillsbury Doughboy. E. L. F. S. Leader:  Were your worst nightmare... Elves with attitude. Bernard:  In putting on the suit and entering the sleigh, the wearer waives any and all right to any previous identity, real or implied, and fully accepts the duties and responsibilities of Santa Claus, in perpetuity to which ​time the wearer becomes unable to do so by either accident or design.

See attched Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

See attched - Essay Example The moral law is based â€Å"not in the nature of man, nor in the circumstances of the world in which man is placed, but †¦. A priori solely in the concepts of pure reason.†2 The categorical imperatives of Kant demand us not to tell a lie even when the life of someone may be at risk due to our rigid adherence to the moral rules.3 Helga and Springer have pointed out another outcome of the traditional rules of morality, that is, some feminists have started demanding the moral laws to be based on emotions and personal relationships. According to them, the traditional approach of moral rules places too much emphasis on abstract principles and the role of reason. Though both the views have some weight and there is also some room for criticism on the Kantian morality as well as the feminist approach of ethics of care and emotions, moral theory certainly should be based on rules. The main criticism of the moral theory based on rules is that these rules restrict our actions to do good which have good consequences. The human nature resists such restrictions and seeks liberty and freedom to do what pleases it. As the end of morality is to give happiness to the humanity, this happiness individual wish to seek through doing things according to their instincts rather than guided by some set of rules. That is why; the rules of morality often fail to bind human being to do good according to the set of rules. However, it is wrong to say that our ethical values should be based on our feelings more than the rules. Certainly, rules of morality provide us guidelines to do certain things and help us become civilized. For example, if people are let to do thi ngs instinctively, they would start fighting with other human beings just for the sake of their own pleasure. And if people are guided by their own feelings, they would prefer to do things according to what gratifies them rather than what is based on rational and reason. For instance, it is my feeling sometime that the

How Safe IS The Biodiesel for Air Transportation Essay

How Safe IS The Biodiesel for Air Transportation - Essay Example This paper will evaluate the safety of using biodiesel in air transportation. Significance of Air Transportation Critics have challenged the probability of Air transport being the best mode of transport despite the many advantages attributed to it. Irrespective of this, this form of transport is of great significance because it has offered the globe a fast and reliable connectivity. The industry has introduced realms of possibilities. Traversing continents takes a few days or hours depending on the choice of flight connectivity. Air transport is very crucial for global trade especially trade surrounding perishable goods. Tourism is an additional sector that is only a possibility because of air transport. Tourism is an economic stronghold in many nations and contributes immensely to economic growth. Air transportation makes it is simpler for people to import and export culture. In the past, this critical sector has relied on the use of petroleum diesel for its engines. Despite the num erous technological changes that surround the aviation industry, the industry has persisted in its dependence on fossil fuels. However, the recent environmental concerns about the emission of greenhouse gases by fossil fuels, and the resulting consequences have compelled experts to embark on the search for reliable and cleaner sources that promise both economical and environmental sustainability (Pandey 34). Fossil fuels have threatened the environment with the uncontrollable emission of greenhouse gases and hydrocarbons into the environment initiating and enhancing global warming. The search for alternative energy sources has identified biodiesel as a reliable energy source. More importantly, future prospects indicate that biodiesel will be a reliable source to drive the aviation industry. Analysis of the potential benefits of biodiesel presents a promising future. Compared to fossil fuels, biodiesel releases zero percent of sulfates while fossil fuels release a high percentage of these (Metz 30). Moreover, with biodiesel, the aviation industry has the assurance of 78 percent less carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Such immense reduction of carbon dioxide has been the central focus of many researchers in the recent past. Intensive research has revealed the different cycles of fossil use and biodiesel use. In the fossil use case, each step involves the release of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere (Pandey 56). However, the cycle does exhibit any possibility of recycling in the atmosphere. On the contrary, fossil fuels bring a new supply of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere from the ground. On the other hand, biodiesel use exhibits a possibility of recycling. Sources of biodiesel include feedstock from oils, plants, and algae. Plants utilize carbon dioxide that is available in the atmosphere for the manufacture of carbohydrates that are very crucial for metabolism. Extraction of biodiesel from plant feedstock can produce either first generation of second gener ation biodiesel. Although the processing and use of the biodiesel in aviation releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, it does not destruct the carbon dioxide cycle because the amount released becomes critical for the growth of more plants (Ellman 120). Replacing petroleum diesel used in the aviation industry with biodiesel will serve to eliminate the additional release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere from fossil fuels. This will reduce the 78 percent of carbon dioxide